1、语法易错点
1. a, an的选择: 元音音素开头的单词用an,辅音音素开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 的选择:一定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what who where whose whywhenwhichhow old how many how much
二:形容词比较级
当大家需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构一般是:
什么 + 动词be + 形容词比较级 + than+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you.
An elephant is bigger than a tiger.
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 普通的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆
比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.
比较的两者是我的头发,你,那样比较的对象就没可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:动词过去式
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A,规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried
④ 双写最后一个字母如 sTOPped
B,不规则动词小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:动词目前分词解析
① 普通的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
5、人称代词主格及宾格
人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格不同：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但地方不同。
Eg:I"我"-- me "我"
主格在陈述句中一般放句首，宾格一般放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.
Excuse me
I ask him to go
They sit in front of me
主格：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 大家you 你们they他们
宾格：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us大家 you你们 them他们
六:句型专项归类
1.一定句:是指用一定的语气来陈述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not work in a hospital.
There are not four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆ 小结:
否定句主如果在一定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词,然后在它后面加上"not",
你也可以把它们缩写在一块如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要依据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般目前时主语是第三人称单数的状况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .
3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子需要用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student ？Yes, I am No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor？Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆ 小结:
一般疑问句是在一定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到第一,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要依据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般目前时主语是第三人称单数的状况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个要紧的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不可以用"yes ,no"来回答.如:
What is this？
Where are you going？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？
When do you usually get up？
Why do you like spring best ？
How are you？
☆注意☆ 小结:
其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many), how much), how tall, how long, how big, how heavy
例句:How many pencils do you have ？
How many girls can you see ？
how many 用来提问可数名词的数目,主要有以上三种搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……
How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……
七:完全,缩略形式
1、简缩形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，一般是元音字母变成' 但are除外，are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。
3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时，必须要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's
4、记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让大家
5、记住：this is 没简缩形式this's
6.容易见到的缩略形式：
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is
they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not
doesn't=does not isn't=is not
aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will
wasn't=was not
